Fig. 1

Random effect meta-analysis of mortality for the treatment of COVID-19 trials stratified by dose. 1A Random effect meta-analysis of mortality for the treatment of COVID-19 trials stratified by dose (≤ 2400 mg/5 days vs. >2400 mg/5 days). 1B Random effect meta-analysis of mortality for the treatment of COVID-19 trials stratified by dose (≤ 4800 mg/5 days vs. >4800 mg/5 days). The dose of HCQ received during the first 5 days of hospitalization was calculated from Table 2 of Axfors et al. presenting the group-level characteristics of each included randomized controlled trial. We used the random effect model of the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) approach with the Paule-Mandel (PM) estimator for tau², as it was the statistical method used by Axfors et al. All analyses were performed on R, version 2023.09.0 + 463, using the “meta” package. Scripts related to this analysis is freely available on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ewudy/)