Table 1 Characteristics of the Helsinki Health Study population (n = 3245). Sociodemographic factors, workload, health-related factors and pain status by gender
Men | Women | All | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Gender | 695 (21) | 2550 (79) | 3245 | |
Age | 0.078 | |||
19–29 years | 176 (25) | 732 (29) | 908 (28) | |
30–39 years | 519 (75) | 1818 (71) | 2337 (72) | |
Marital status | 0.059 | |||
Married or cohabiting | 491 (71) | 1705 (67) | 2196 (68) | |
Unmarried, other | 204 (29) | 845 (33) | 1049 (32) | |
Education level | < 0.001 | |||
High | 404 (58) | 1836 (72) | 2240 (69) | |
Low | 291 (42) | 714 (28) | 1005 (31) | |
Physical workload | < 0.001 | |||
Light | 175 (25) | 536 (21) | 711 (22) | |
Medium | 347 (50) | 1116 (44) | 1463 (45) | |
Heavy | 173 (25) | 898 (35) | 1071 (33) | |
Mental workload | < 0.001 | |||
Light | 224 (32) | 514 (20) | 738 (23) | |
Medium | 369 (53) | 1579 (62) | 1948 (60) | |
Heavy | 102 (15) | 457 (18) | 559 (17) | |
Smoking | 0.173 | |||
Non-smoker | 530 (76) | 2006 (79) | 2536 (78) | |
Smoking | 165 (24) | 544 (21) | 709 (22) | |
Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | |||
< weekly | 393 (57) | 1909 (75) | 2302 (71) | |
≥ weekly | 302 (43) | 641 (25) | 943 (29) | |
Vegetable consumption | < 0.001 | |||
≥ daily | 385 (55) | 1903 (75) | 2288 (71) | |
< daily | 310 (45) | 647 (25) | 957 (29) | |
Obesity | 0.906 | |||
No | 591 (85) | 2173 (85) | 2764 (85) | |
Yes | 104 (15) | 377 (15) | 481 (15) | |
Average sleeping hours | < 0.001 | |||
7–8 h | 486 (70) | 1794 (70) | 2280 (70) | |
< 7 h | 171 (25) | 489 (19) | 660 (20) | |
> 8 h | 38 (5) | 267 (10) | 305 (9) | |
Pain | < 0.001 | |||
No pain | 333 (48) | 1007 (39) | 1340 (41) | |
Pain only at phase 1 (2017) | 110 (16) | 462 (18) | 572 (18) | |
Pain only at phase 2 (2022) | 116 (17) | 418 (16) | 534 (16) | |
Recurrent pain | 136 (20) | 663 (26) | 799 (25) |