Table 2 LE and HALE at birth in China, globally, and SDI regions in 1990, 2019, 2020, and 2021

China

67.67 (66.41,68.95)

Ref

60.32 (57.96,62.5)

Ref

77.33 (75.8,78.79)

Ref

68.46 (65.51,71.21)

Ref

77.41 (75.93,78.89)

Ref

68.46 (65.53,71.15)

Ref

77.58 (75.99,79.15)

Ref

68.56 (65.8,71.18)

Ref

Global

65.49 (64.98,65.99)

−2.18

57.05 (54.52,59.27)

−3.27

73.34 (72.56,74.01)

−3.99

63.61 (60.66,66.2)

−4.85

72.4 (71.6,73.1)

−5.01

62.78 (59.9,65.3)

−5.68

71.74 (70.9,72.49)

−5.84

62.20 (59.42,64.67)

−6.36

High SDI

75.59 (75.5,75.67)

7.92

65.60 (62.68,68.12)

5.28

81.17 (81.04,81.29)

3.84

69.48 (66.13,72.36)

1.02

80.36 (80.21,80.48)

2.95

68.70 (65.37,71.55)

0.24

80.22 (80.07,80.36)

2.64

68.53 (65.17,71.32)

−0.03

High-middle SDI

70.37 (69.81,70.89)

2.70

61.79 (59.22,64.15)

1.47

77.36 (76.6,78.03)

0.03

67.74 (64.85,70.39)

−0.72

76.73 (76.05,77.39)

−0.68

67.17 (64.26,69.56)

−1.29

76.2 (75.46,76.89)

−1.38

66.67 (63.94,69.05)

−1.89

Middle SDI

66.99 (66.29,67.68)

−0.68

58.81 (56.28,61.03)

−1.51

74.71 (73.97,75.41)

−2.62

65.22 (62.3,67.78)

−3.24

73.93 (73.15,74.66)

−3.48

64.51 (61.61,66.95)

−3.95

73.22 (72.44,74.01)

−4.36

63.88 (61.14,66.27)

−4.68

Low-middle SDI

60.61 (59.9,61.24)

−7.06

52.36 (49.89,54.44)

−7.96

69.42 (68.46,70.27)

−7.91

60.14 (57.35,62.55)

−8.32

68.19 (67.21,69.03)

−9.22

59.09 (56.48,61.48)

−9.37

67.43 (66.42,68.3)

−10.15

58.43 (55.77,60.77)

−10.13

Low SDI

53.05 (52.11,54.03)

−14.62

45.79 (43.54,47.79)

−14.53

64.88 (63.19,66.35)

−12.45

56.26 (53.55,58.65)

−12.20

63.53 (61.78,64.97)

−13.88

55.17 (52.37,57.56)

−13.29

62.57 (60.9,63.94)

−15.01

54.36 (51.59,56.71)

−14.20