Table 4 Associations of each theme of minority health social vulnerability index with ongoing long COVID and long COVID diagnosis, Michigan COVID-19 recovery surveillance study, 2022–2023 (n = 3,781)

Theme of Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index

 Socioeconomic status (ref: low/moderate ^c)

 High ^c

1.15*

0.99

1.38***

1.18

(1.00–1.31)

(0.84–1.16)

(1.23–1.56)

(0.97–1.45)

 Household composition and disability (ref: low/moderate ^c)

 High ^c

1.08

1.04

1.20

1.22†

(0.87–1.35)

(0.91–1.19)

(0.94–1.52)

(0.99–1.50)

 Minority status and language (ref: low/moderate ^c)

 High ^c

1.08

0.94

1.24*

1.16

(0.88–1.32)

(0.76–1.17)

(1.05–1.47)

(0.91–1.48)

 Housing type and transportation (ref: low/moderate ^c)

 High ^c

0.83†

0.86†

0.92

0.97

(0.67–1.02)

(0.74–1.01)

(0.74–1.15)

(0.79–1.19)

 Healthcare infrastructure and access (ref: low/moderate ^c)

 High ^c

0.92

0.93

0.87

0.82†

(0.75–1.13)

(0.79–1.10)

(0.68–1.11)

(0.65–1.02)

 Medical vulnerability (ref: low/moderate ^c)

 High ^c

1.22***

1.09

1.44***

1.32**

(1.11–1.34)

(0.98–1.20)

(1.29–1.60)

(1.12–1.57)