Minority health social vulnerability index and long COVID illness among a statewide, population-based study of adults with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2

Table 2 Weighted prevalence of ongoing long COVID and long COVID diagnosis by minority health social vulnerability index and covariate among study participants, Michigan COVID-19 recovery surveillance study, 2022–2023 (n = 3,781)

	Ongoing long COVID	p-value ^a	Long COVID diagnosis	p-value ^a
Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index		0.882		0.264
Low/moderate ^b	17.5		10.7
High ^c	17.2		12.2
Age		< 0.001		< 0.001
18–34	10.5		7.5
35–54	20.5		12.1
55–64	21.6		15.2
≥65	20.3		12.6
Sex		< 0.001		< 0.001
Male	12.7		8.3
Female	21.2		13.6
Race and ethnicity		0.005		0.012
Hispanic	16.7		10.0
NH White	16.6		10.3
NH Black	24.4		15.8
Another NH race and ethnicity	16.1		12.9
Education		< 0.001		0.046
High school or less	18.8		12.4
Some college	19.8		12.4
College graduate	14.7		9.5
Household income		< 0.001		< 0.001
<$35,000	23.2		15.8
$35,000–74,999	17.5		12.0
≥$75,000	13.5		7.6
Health insurance status		0.001		< 0.001
Private insurance	16.0		10.0
Medicare/Medicaid/another type	21.0		15.1
None	18.0		8.8
County-level population size		< 0.001		0.076
<180,000	19.1		12.5
180,000–699,999	14.0		9.5
≥700,000	18.4		11.3
County-level rural-urban classification		0.669		0.017
Urban	17.2		10.6
Rural	18.1		14.6

COVID-19 = Coronavirus disease 2019, NH = non-Hispanic
a. Statistical differences were evaluated with Pearson chi-square test with Rao’s correction
b. <75th percentile
c. ≥75th percentile

ISSN: 2049-3258