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Table B.2 Associations (IRR, 99% CI) between demographics, impact of COVID-19 pandemic, and lifestyle factors on number, duration, and severity of symptoms, based on people aged 65 years and older (statistically significant results in bold)*

From: Health symptoms and associated factors in times of a pandemic: a population-based study

 

Number of symptoms

Duration of symptoms

Severity of symptoms

IRR

CI

IRR

CI

IRR

CI

Age

1.01

(1.00-1.01)

1.01

(1.01-1.02)

1.02

(1.02-1.03)

Female

1.27

(1.22-1.32)

1.25

(1.20-1.30)

1.14

(1.07-1.22)

COVID infected

1.26

(1.15-1.39)

1.20

(1.08-1.33)

1.17

(0.96-1.43)

Impact of COVID Pandemic

      

 Financial

1.07

(0.98-1.16)

1.03

(0.95-1.13)

1.06

(0.93-1.21)

 Anxiety

1.22

(1.16-1.28)

1.15

(1.09-1.23)

1.17

(1.06-1.29)

 Depression

1.29

(1.21-1.38)

1.26

(1.17-1.36)

1.29

(1.15-1.46)

 Loneliness

1.21

(1.15-1.27)

1.21

(1.14-1.28)

1.19

(1.09-1.30)

 Stress

1.37

(1.29-1.46)

1.29

(1.21-1.38)

1.27

(1.14-1.42)

 Delayed care

1.62

(1.24-2.13)

1.82

(1.31-2.55)

1.45

(0.78-2.72)

Household income (Quintile 5 = reference category)

      

 Quintile 1

1.14

(1.03-1.25)

1.20

(1.09-1.33)

1.19

(1.03-1.38)

 Quintile 2

1.11

(1.04-1.17)

1.13

(1.05-1.20)

1.23

(1.12-1.36)

 Quintile 3

1.04

(0.99-1.10)

1.05

(0.99-1.12)

1.13

(1.03-1.23)

 Quintile 4

1.05

(1.00-1.11)

1.04

(0.98-1.09)

1.06

(0.97-1.15)

Educational level (higher education = reference category)

      

 Lower education

0.97

(0.93-1.02)

1.05

(1.00-1.11)

1.22

(1.13-1.32)

 Middle education

1.03

(0.98-1.08)

1.05

(1.00-1.11)

1.21

(1.11-1.31)

Migrational background (autochthonous = reference category

      

 Western

1.05

(0.98-1.12)

1.08

(1.01-1.16)

1.02

(0.91-1.15)

 Non-Western

1.05

(0.90-1.22)

1.06

(0.89-1.25)

1.51

(1.16-1.95)

Obesity

1.13

(1.07-1.18)

1.14

(1.08-1.21)

1.15

(1.06-1.25)

Excessive use of alcohol

1.03

(0.98-1.08)

1.01

(0.96-1.06)

0.96

(0.89-1.03)

Smoking behavior (non-smokers = reference category)

      

 Smoker

1.04

(0.97-1.12)

1.06

(0.98-1.14)

1.00

(0.89-1.13)

 Ex-smoker

1.09

(1.04-1.14)

1.06

(1.01-1.11)

1.04

(0.97-1.11)

Longer during health problems

1.83

(1.76-1.90)

1.89

(1.82-1.97)

2.01

(1.88-2.13)