Table 2 Subgroup analysis of self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes with telemedicine intervention

Total

7

0.71 [0.21, 1.21]

0.005

87%

5

−0.16 [−0.32, −0.01]

0.04

24%

5

−0.17 [−0.32, −0.01]

0.03

30%

Intervention

APP

4

1.07 [−0.11, 2.25]

0.07

92%

2

−0.06 [−0.33, −0.21]

0.65

0%

2

0.04 [−0.23, 0.31]

0.78

0%

APP + interaction

3

0.33 [0.07, 0.59]

0.01

36%

3

−0.21 [−0.40, −0.02]

0.03

50%

3

−0.26 [−0.45, −0.08]

0.006

17%

Duration

>3months

4

0.32 [0.09, 0.55]

0.007

9%

2

−0.06 [−0.33, 0.21]

0.65

0%

2

0.04 [−0.23, 0.31]

0.78

0%

≤ 3months

3

1.43 [−0.18, 3.03]

0.08

95%

3

−0.21 [−0.40, −0.02]

0.03

50%

3

−0.26 [−0.45, −0.08]

0.006

17%

Region

Asia

4

1.10 [0.20, 1.99]

0.02

93%

3

−0.21 [−0.40, −0.02]

0.03

50%

3

−0.26 [−0.45, −0.08]

0.006

17%

Europe

3

0.31 [−0.06, 0.68]

0.10

39%

2

−0.06 [−0.33, −0.21]

0.65

0%

2

−0.26 [−0.83, 0.31]

0.37

NA

America

0

NA

NA

NA

mean age

≥ 55

3

0.28 [−0.01, 0.57]

0.06

45%

1

−0.49 [−1.01, 0.02]

0.06

NA

1

−0.53 [−1.04, −0.01]

0.04

NA

<55

2

0.26 [−0.06, 0.59]

0.11

0%

3

−0.14 [−0.34, 0.05]

0.14

42%

3

−0.20 [−0.39, −0.00]

0.04

4%